Breakdown Mechanisms in a diode : Avalanche Breakdown,Zener Breakdown,Temperature dependence of break down voltages,PN- Diode Applications,Equivalent circuit of Zener diode,Voltage Regulators,Load Regulation,Varactor Diode,Tunnel diode,The volt-ampere characteristic,Transformer,Rectifier,Half-Wave Rectifier,Problems from previous external question paper,,Full-Wave Rectifier,Bridge Rectifier,Filters,Capacitor Filter,L-Section Filter (or) LC Filter,Critical Inductance,CLC Filter.