D.C GENERATORS : Generator principle,Simple loop generator,Construction of DC Generators,Armature Windings,The Lap Winding,The Wave Winding,Electromotive Force(e.m.f) Equation,Types of D.C Generators,Armature Reaction,Compensating Windings,Characteristics of a D.C Generators,Separately- Excited Generator,Self- Excited Generator,Condition for Build up of a self-excited,D.C Machine Losses,Efficiency of a D.C generator. D.C MOTORS : Introduction,Principle of Operation of a Simple D.C Motor,Significance of the Back e.m.f.,Induce Torque equation of a D.C Machine,Types of D.C Motors,Motors Characteristics,D.C Motor Starter,Speed Control of D.C Motor,The efficiency of a D.C. motor,D.C Stepping Motors,Electromechanical power control equipment,Petrol Engine Idle Speed Control.