What is an Operating System?,Objectives and Functions,Computer System Architecture,OS Structure, OS Operations,Evolution of Operating System,Distributed Systems,Clustered System,Real -Time Systems,Processes and CPU Scheduling,Process Concept,Process Scheduling,Operations on Processes,Cooperating Processes,Interprocess Communication,Scheduling Criteria,Scheduling algorithms, Multiple-Processor Scheduling,Real-Time Scheduling,Thread Scheduling,Memory Management,Background, Swapping,Contiguous Allocation,Paging,Segmentation,Segmentation with Paging,Demand PagingProcess Creation,Page Replacement, Allocation of Frames,,Thrashing,Operating System Examples,File-System Interface,File Concept,Access Methods,Disk and Directory Structure,File-System Mounting,File Sharing,Protection,File System Implementation,File-System Structure,File-System ImplementationDirectory Implementation,Allocation Methods,Free-Space Management,Efficiency and Performance,Mass-Storage Systems,Overview of Mass Storage Structure,Disk Structure,Disk Attachment,Disk Scheduling,Disk Management,Swap-Space Management,Deadlocks: System Model,Deadlock Characterization,Methods for Handling Deadlocks,Deadlock Prevention,Deadlock Avoidance,Deadlock Detection,Recovery from Deadlock,Combined Approach to Deadlock Handling, Protection : Goals of Protection,Domain of Protection,Access Matrix,Implementation of Access Matrix,Revocation of Access Rights,Capability-Based Systems, Language-Based Protection.